Další názvy: diplopie
Dvojité vidění se odborně nazývá diplopie a může být monokulární, to znamená, že se uplatňuje při pohledu pouze jedním okem, nebo binokulární, kdy se objevuje při pohledu oběma očima.
Monokulární diplopie vzniká při nějaké jednostranné poruše oka, například při kataraktě – při pohledu postiženým okem vidíme „duchy“. Binokulární diplopie vzniká při poruše souhybu očí. Každé oko je ovládáno šesti okohybnými svaly, které musí být dokonale sehrané mezi sebou i s druhostrannými svaly, aby obrazy z obou očí mohl mozek správně prostorově vyhodnotit. Pokud vznikne mezi okohybnými svaly nesoulad, obrazy z každého oka se vzájemně posunou a ve výsledku vidíme dvojitě. Dvojité vidění se ovšem nemusí projevovat neustále, ale jen v některých pozicích očí, například při pohledu nahoru apod., to závisí na tom, který sval má sníženou funkci.
Jaká onemocnění mohou způsobit dvojité vidění? Je to například myastenia gravis, autoimunitní onemocnění, při kterém dochází k ničení těch míst na svalu, ve kterých dochází k přenosu nervového signálu na sval. Svaly jsou tak jakoby slabé, nedostatečně se kontrahují při pokusu o pohyb a v případě okohybných svalů se to projeví dvojitým viděním, které se objevuje zejména při únavě, odpočinkem se vidění zlepší.
Dvojité vidění může být také následkem výpadku funkce některého z okohybných nervů například následkem nitrolebečního krvácení, cévní mozkové příhody či úrazu.
Příčinu dvojitého vidění stanoví neurolog.
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