Další názvy: změna tvaru kloubů
Deformace kloubu znamená jeho tvrdé zhrubění vzniklé zvětšením sousedních kostí, které tvoří různé výběžky zvané osteofyty. Tato změna je příznačná pro degenerativní procesy jako je osteoartróza, jejíž výskyt stoupá s věkem díky mechanickému opotřebování kloubních ploch (především koleno a kyčel). Osteofyty jsou dobře patrné na RTG snímku.
Deformace se však může vyskytnout i u zánětlivých onemocnění, ale je spíše druhotným nálezem u pokročilých forem například revmatoidní artritidy. Tato nemoc se primárně vyznačuje deformitami kloubu – klouby jsou mohutnější, vytvářejí na končetinách nápadné hrbolky a vychylují osu končetiny do jiného úhlu. Často tomu tak bývá na rukou, kde jsou postiženy klouby spojující záprstní kůstky se články prstů. Prsty ruky jsou pak stočené směrem ven (z pohledu na hřbet ruky). Podobné změny mohou nastat i na kloubech nohou, jejichž deformity vedou ke „kladívkovým prstům“, které značně omezují chůzi i stání. Podstatou jsou v takovém případě různá vykloubení, vymknutí apod. jakožto následek zánětlivých změn v kloubu.
Léčba
V obou případech je důležitou součástí léčby každodenní cvičení, časté rehabilitace a podpůrná fyzikální léčba a to většinou proto, aby se zabránilo vzniku těmto deformitám a deformacím. Jedná se totiž o onemocnění chronického charakteru, která se postupně vyvíjejí a cílem léčby je postup zpomalit a předejít těmto a jiným komplikacím.
Pokud jde o artrózu, tak ta se řeší v pokročilých fázích již operačně s poměrně dobrými výsledky.
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